Research Library

Educational summaries of published research, laboratory studies and scientific literature. For research use only.

Understanding Peptide Concentrations: mg, mcg & mL Explained

The simple science behind concentration, dilution and laboratory peptide calculations If you've ever looked at a research peptide vial and wondered what 5 mg, 10 mg, mcg or mg/mL actually means, you're not alone.

6 Aug 2026

NAD+: The Molecule Behind Cellular Energy, Repair & Ageing

Every second of every day, trillions of cells throughout your body are performing an extraordinary amount of work. They convert food into usable energy; They repair damaged DNA; They respond to stress; They communicate; They maintain tissues. And behind many of these processes sits a molecule that has become one of the most talked-about subjects in longevity science: NAD+

5 Aug 2026

MOTS-c: When Your Mitochondria Send the Signal

We usually think of mitochondria as tiny power stations. They sit inside our cells, take energy from nutrients and help convert it into ATP — the usable energy currency of the cell. But that description is increasingly incomplete.

4 Aug 2026

Retatrutide & Fuel Metabolism: Why Weight Loss Is More Than Eating Less

It is easy to think of weight loss as a simple equation: Eat less. Lose weight. Biologically, it is considerably more complicated.

21 Jul 2026

The Power of Natural Signalling: Ipamorelin & the Growth Hormone Pathway

Rather than circulating at a constant level throughout the day, growth hormone (GH) is normally secreted by the pituitary gland in bursts — with one of the largest pulses typically associated with slow-wave sleep. As we age, the amplitude and frequency of these pulses tend to decline.

6 Jul 2026

Tirzepatide vs Retatrutide: What the Evidence Actually Shows

The easiest way to understand the difference is to look at both the biology and the maturity of the evidence. Tirzepatide is a dual receptor agonist, targeting GIP and GLP-1 receptors. It is already an approved prescription medicine and has been studied extensively in large Phase 3 clinical trials. Retatrutide is a triple receptor agonist, targeting GIP and GLP-1 receptors while adding activity at the glucagon receptor.

21 Jun 2026

EPITALON: The science of cellular ageing

What can four amino acids tell us about telomeres, circadian biology and longevity? Ageing is something we see on the outside, but its origins reach deep inside our cells.

6 Jun 2026

Loose Skin Isn’t Just a Collagen Problem: The Biology Behind Strong, Healthy Skin

When people talk about loose or ageing skin, the conversation often begins — and ends — with collagen. **How do I increase collagen? Which supplement should I take? Which peptide is best for loose skin?**

22 May 2026

BPC-157: The Ultimate Guide to Accelerating Tendon and Ligament Recovery

Struggling with persistent tendonitis or a nagging injury? Discover how BPC-157, the 'Body Protective Compound,' is revolutionizing the world of connective tissue repair.

7 May 2026